Technical article · Innovak News
Climate change has introduced unprecedented challenges for modern agriculture. Extreme weather events such as heat waves, intense and unusual rainfall, prolonged droughts, and abrupt temperature changes have become increasingly frequent, directly affecting the physiological development of crops. These conditions generate abiotic stress - non-biological factors that alter plant balance, affecting growth, yield, and quality.
Among the most common effects of abiotic stress are alterations in photosynthesis, stomatal closure, tissue deterioration, and reduced chlorophyll production. All of this can lead to significant decreases in productivity, affecting not only quantity but also quality of the final product. Crops are particularly vulnerable at critical stages such as flowering, fruit setting, and post-harvest.
In Costa Rica, where precipitation levels have historically favored pineapple and banana cultivation, recent years have seen less rainfall and higher temperatures. Colombia has faced rainfall problems in 2023 and 2024. In Peru and Chile, high radiation issues are growing. Against this backdrop, scientific research in plant physiology has become vital - implementing resilient, sustainable agricultural practices and developing tools that strengthen crop tolerance are key strategies.
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