Artículo técnico · Innovak News
Optimal root system development is essential to achieving full grapevine production potential in both yield and quality. Once the vineyard enters production, roots influence quality and yield through three mechanisms: they are the main factor in carbohydrate balance; they supply water and nutrients for aerial growth; and they collect signals from the soil that are transmitted biochemically to the aerial parts, impacting fruit quality.
The grapevine root system varies in distribution by several factors, primarily soil conditions. Under optimal conditions, roots can develop up to 3 meters deep, though most roots concentrate in the first 60 cm. Root flux periods emit white, small-diameter roots responsible for water and nutrient absorption - these have a peak metabolic activity period of approximately three weeks before suberization begins.
Root penetration in soil decreases when bulk density exceeds 1.4 gr/cc. Soil conditioning is recommended before budburst, during hydration irrigation that initiates root metabolic activity. The objective is to balance pore space in the soil, reducing resistance to new root development. Grapevines normally present two major root fluxes per year: the first before flowering, and the second approximately one month after cluster harvest.
Inoculation with beneficial microorganisms - including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizospheric plant-growth-promoting bacteria - is key to optimizing root function and ensuring agricultural sustainability. These organisms contribute to improving plant development and nutrition, while increasing crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, guaranteeing soil health and quality.
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