Phymatotrichopsis omnivora
The fungus has unique biological characteristics that contribute to some difficulties during its handling. It can survive with roots of native vegetation, such as mesquite, without causing disease; it remains indefinitely in the ground (Goldberg, 2005). The fungus is active only in the summer season when air and soil temperatures are high, the highest incidence of the disease occurs when the soil temperature at 30 cm depth is greater than 27 ° C and the air temperature in the plant canopy is above 40 ° C (Goldberg, 2005). This species is capable of infecting more than 2300 species of dicotyledons, it could be considered the largest number of hosts for any phytopathogen, Texas rot is a limiting factor in some regions of Mexico in cotton, alfalfa, walnut and fruit crops (Vargas-Arispuro et al., 2006). Within Mexico P. omnívora has a wide distribution in agricultural regions of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Durango (Vargas-Arispuro, 2006).
Texan Rot
Texas rot is a disease that destroys the roots of walnut and other agricultural crops, the causal agent is the Phymatotrichum omnivorous fungus (Samaniego-Gaxiola et al., 2001). Infection is influenced by various physiological and environmental factors, including host maturity, number and location of the primary inoculum, soil temperatures, and soil texture (Rush et al., 1984). One of the main characteristics of Texas rot is the formation of a whitish spore mantle on the surface of the soil that surrounds the infected plants, the spores in these mantles are not germinative and are considered to have no function in survival or infection. of the pathogen (Goldberg, 2005). The infection causes trees to die with their leaves firmly tied, in some cases the tree wilts so quickly that the leaves barely change color despite becoming dry and brittle. The pathogen produces mycelium cords on the surface of infected roots, these under the microscope are observed as hyphae in cross-shaped forms, unique to this fungus.
The biological control of soil microorganisms that attack roots has been successful with potted and greenhouse plants, but there is a lack of development of effective technology at the field levels. Specifically, it is necessary to measure the biocontrol capacity of different strains of each microbial species (Locke et al. 1985, Harman 2000, Weiland 2014). The opportunity to develop tools for the biological control of Texas rot is high, since there are several soil microorganisms that are strongly antagonistic to P. omnivora, such as the fungus Trichoderma lignorum (= viride) and the actinomycete Streptomyces spp. (Streets and Bloss 1973).
ECCA Solutions
Mycorrhiza Complex
Improves the nutritional status of crops.
Endo and ectomycorrhizal fungi colonize the epidermal tissue of the root, increasing its area of exploration to improve nutritional absorption.
This formulation contains ExuRoot® as an active ingredient that significantly increases the establishment and colonization of endo and ectomycorrhizal fungi in the root.
Chelated Zinc for Use in Fertigation
It prevents and corrects nutritional disorders caused by zinc deficiency under any pH condition of irrigation water and soil.
Survival (%) of young walnut trees with four doses of BTX 051 in the face of the potential incidence of the fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, in three years. Delicias, Chihuahua. 2015-17.
| Treatment | Cycle 2015 | Cycle 2016 | Cycle 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Witness | 100 | 90 | 60 |
| BTX 2 kg/ha | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| BTX 4 kg/ha | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| BTX 6 kg/ha | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| BTX 8 kg/ha | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Conclusions ────
- BTX 051 exhibits a protective effect against Texas rot with the four doses evaluated.
- BTX 051 applied on time and in flood doses can recover walnut trees with initial symptoms of root rot caused by P. omnivora.
Goldberg. N. (2005). Phymatotrichum Root Rot. New Mexico State University. (229) 1-4
Jeger M.J., Kenerley C.M., Genk T.J., Koch D.O. (1987). Spatial Dynamics of Phymatotrichum Root Rot in Row Crops in the Blackland Region of North Central Texas. Ecology and Epidemiology . 71. 1647-1656.
Marek S.M., Hansen K., Romanish M., Thorn R.G (2009). Molecular systematic of the cotton root rot pathogen, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. Nationa al Herbarium Nerdenland and centraalbureauroor Schimmelcultures. (22) 63-74.
Rush C.M., Genk T.J., Lydia S.D. (1984). Factors affecting symptom appearance and development of Phymatotrichum Root rot of cotton Ecology and Epidemiology. (74) 1466-1469.
Todd-Watson W., Nye-Appel D., Aloysius-Arnold M., Miller-Kenerley Ch., Lester-Starr J., Martinez-Trinidad T. (2007). Inoculation, Symptoms and colonization in Containerized apple tree by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert. Agrociencia. (41) 459-468.
Vargas-Arispuro I., Contreras-Valenzuela A., Hernández- Martínez J., Martínez- Téllez. M.A. (2006). Selective antifungical action of arylselenephosphates against Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. Revista Fitotécnica Mexicana. 29. 171-174
Uppalapati S.R,, Marek S.M., Lee H.K, Nakashima J., Tang X., Sledge M.K., Dixon R.A., Mysore K.S. (2008). Global Gene expression profiling during Medicago truncatula-Phymatotrichopsis omnivora interaction reveals a role for Jasmonic acid, ethylene, and the flavonoid pathway in disease development. Molecular Plan-microbe interactions. 22, 7-17.
Uppalapati S.R., Young C.A., Marek S.M., (2010). Phymatotrichum (cotton) root rot caused by Phymatotrichopsis omnivore: retrospects and prospects. Molecular Plan Phatology. 11. 325-334.
Zabaleta-Mejía E. (2000). Management Alternatives for plan diseases. Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Post graduados. 17. 201-207
Global Notes
ACORBAT, XXII International Banana Congress
Innovak Global was a sponsor and participant in ACORBAT, XXII International Banana Congress in Miami, Florida from May 2 to 4, where Dr. Ali Asaff, Research and Development Leader of the company, presented the presentation “Imageology of the fruit of banana for the analysis of its maturation”
In said Congress, various solutions and alternatives for cultivation were presented. Engineer Jorge Lara, leader of the Tabasco area, also presented the presentation “Innovak Global Banana Technology Package” in order to project the scope and technologies that Innovak offers to agriculture.
6th Congress of Onions
Last May Innovak Global was present at the 6th. Onion Congress in the city of Chihuahua, Chih. Event where world specialists converge to share experiences and knowledge related to cultivation.
In addition to being sponsors in this congress, the technical and commercial team of Innovak Global provided advice on the integral management of our brands to the attendees of the event, strengthening and creating new alliances, providing more and better solutions to the field.
9th Course of Nutrition in Avocado
Uruapan, Michoacan hosted the 9th Avocado Nutrition Course that was held from May 31 to June 2 in order to offer attendees one of the best learning experiences and product acquisition.
In this event, Engineer Carlos Hernández, leader of the area, gave the lecture “Root exudates and their importance in the use of beneficial microorganisms.”
Likewise, the first photography contest in the state of Michoacán organized by Innovak Global was awarded.
The participants sent their best photographs of Avocado treated with the Innovak biostimulation line.
Contest winners: Rosario Baez, Gustavo López, Norberto Cruz and Jaime
Molina Technology Transfer Congress for Asparagus’
From June 11 to 13, Puerto Peñasco, Sonora received important Mexican and Peruvian producers at the Innovak Global Technology Transfer Congress for Asparagus 2018.
Topics such as Management of microbial diversity, Biostimulation and Tolerance to stress were some of the topics that Innovak gave through important exhibitors.
The field tour and the RDR Root Technology demonstration were carried out in order to show the guests the asparagus management program in Mexico.
The exchange of experiences and tourist activities strengthened the ties and knowledge between our guests, exhibitors and the Innovak team.
